Final answer:
Kida's six basic mistakes in thinking include cognitive biases, logical fallacies, emotional reasoning, and misconceptions, which can lead to irrational decisions and flawed arguments.
Step-by-step explanation:
Kida's Basic Mistakes in Thinking
Understanding the basic mistakes in thinking is essential for developing critical thinking skills. The six basic mistakes that Kida discusses are primarily related to cognitive biases and logical fallacies. Cognitive biases are systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment. They cause us to make illogical decisions or judgments, and one common example is the confirmation bias, where we tend to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms our preexisting beliefs.
Logical fallacies are errors in reasoning that render arguments invalid, unsound, or weak. These can be broken down into fallacies of relevance, which include irrelevant information in the argument, fallacies of weak induction, which involve making unwarranted inferences, fallacies of unwarranted assumption, assuming something without justification, and fallacies of diversion, diverting attention from the argument's real issue.
Furthermore, Kida refers to emotional reasoning and misconceptions as other mistakes in thinking. Emotional reasoning implies making decisions based on how you feel rather than objective reality, while misconceptions are false or incorrect views or opinions based on faulty thinking or understanding.