Final answer:
In the 17th century, Poland and Russia had conflicts over territory, with Russia capturing some Ottoman territory late in the century under Peter the Great, indicating shifting power dynamics rather than consistent dominance by either side.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the 17th century, Poland and Russia were engaged in conflicts over territories, including lands of what is currently Ukraine, divided along the Dnieper River. While Poland seemed to be on equal footing with Russia early in the century, by the end of the 1600s, Russia, under the rule of Peter the Great, expanded its empire significantly, capturing the Ottoman-held territory of Azov in the Crimea. The 17th century was marked by intermittent conflicts and shifting power dynamics, rather than complete peace or one side consistently dominating the other.