Final answer:
The word 'Marathon' is derived from the place of the same name, where a legendary Greek messenger is said to have run to bring news of victory.
Step-by-step explanation:
The word derived from the name of a place is B) Marathon. The term marathon comes from the legend of Pheidippides, an ancient Greek messenger. The story goes that he ran from the Battle of Marathon to Athens, a distance of about 26 miles, to announce the Greek victory over Persia before collapsing and dying.
Other terms listed have different origins. For example, A) Sideburns is named after General Ambrose Burnside, a figure in American history known for his distinctive facial hair. C) Cardigan comes from the 7th Earl of Cardigan, James Thomas Brudenell, who led the Charge of the Light Brigade during the Crimean War and was known for wearing a knitted waistcoat. Lastly, D) Atlas refers to a collection of maps, derived from the Greek mythology figure Atlas who was condemned to hold up the sky for eternity.