Final answer:
An elliptical galaxy has few young stars, little gas or dust, and no arms, which distinguishes it from spiral, lenticular, and irregular galaxies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of galaxy characterized by having few young stars, little gas or dust, and no arms is the elliptical galaxy. Elliptical galaxies contain primarily old stars, and their shape can range from nearly spherical to elongated ellipsoids. These galaxies do not show the spiral arms that are typical of spiral galaxies, and unlike lenticular galaxies, they also lack significant amounts of interstellar matter. While irregular galaxies are known for their disorganized shapes and sometimes contain young stars and gas, they do not fit the criteria mentioned as they can have varying amounts of both gas and young stars, and their irregular shape does not exclude the presence of arms.