Final answer:
By default, RIP updates are indeed forwarded out all RIP-enabled interfaces, regardless of the presence of other RIP-enabled routers. This can lead to unnecessary network traffic but can be modified by network administrators using various methods.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks whether RIP updates are forwarded out all RIP-enabled interfaces by default, even if there is no RIP-enabled router connected to it.
The correct answer is a. Yes, that's the default behavior. Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a distance-vector routing protocol that uses hop count as a routing metric. RIP has a simple mechanism where routing updates are broadcasted or multicasted out of all active interfaces that are configured for RIP, regardless of whether there is a receiving RIP-enabled router at the other end or not.
This default behavior can lead to unnecessary network traffic in networks where some segments may not have any other RIP-enabled devices. However, network administrators have the ability to modify this behavior using various methods, such as passive interfaces, to prevent updates from being sent out on specific interfaces.