Question

What role did Esquirol (1838) play in the history of psychometric testing?

a) Developed the first intelligence test
b) Pioneered psychiatric classification
c) Invented standardized assessments
d) Discovered the concept of IQ

Answer 1

Jean-Etienne-Dominique Esquirol played a role in the history of psychometric testing by pioneering psychiatric classification.

Step-by-step explanation:

Jean-Etienne-Dominique Esquirol, a key figure in early modern psychiatry in France, played a role in the history of psychometric testing by pioneering psychiatric classification. Esquirol was a great believer in using physical appearances to diagnose mental disorders and had over 200 drawings made of his patients. Although Alfred Binet is often credited with the development of the first intelligence test, Esquirol's contributions to psychiatric classification laid the groundwork for future advancements in psychometric testing.

Answer 2

b) Pioneered psychiatric classification

Esquirol's impact on psychometric testing lies in the area of psychiatric classification rather than the creation of intelligence tests, which were developed by figures such as Alfred Binet and later standardized by David Wechsler.

Step-by-step explanation:

The role Esquirol (1838) played in the history of psychometric testing was not related to the development of intelligence tests or the concept of IQ but rather in the realm of psychiatric classification. Esquirol was a key figure in early modern psychiatry in France, with a focus on the concept of 'monomania' and the now largely discredited science of physiognomy, the practice of attempting to determine mental characteristics from the physical appearance. It was Alfred Binet, later followed by Louis Terman and then David Wechsler, who were pivotal in the development and standardization of intelligence testing as we understand it today, with Binet developing the initial form of such tests and Wechsler creating widely used scales like the WAIS and WISC.