Final answer:
For a newborn in severe distress, a BVM (Bag Valve Mask) is generally the best method to apply oxygen, offering immediate, effective support. A nasal cannula or blow-by oxygen are less adequate, and NRB masks are not suitable for infants. Advanced treatments like CPAP, pulmonary surfactant, corticosteroids, and other supportive therapies may also be employed in such cases.
Step-by-step explanation:
When presented with a newborn infant who is in severe distress, the best method of applying oxygen is generally through a BVM (Bag Valve Mask). In a neonatal resuscitation scenario, a newborn infant in severe distress typically requires immediate and efficient ventilation support. A nasal cannula or blow-by oxygen might not deliver adequate support for an infant with severe respiratory distress or one who is not breathing on their own. In contrast, non-rebreather masks (NRB) are not suitable for small infants due to sizing and fit issues. A BVM, when used correctly by a trained professional, can provide controlled and effective assistance for breathing until more advanced measures like intubation or mechanical ventilation can be initiated if required.
In cases where the newborn has Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS), medical advances have allowed the use of treatments such as nasal CPAP and administration of pulmonary surfactant to enhance lung function, along with corticosteroids, supplemental oxygen, and assisted ventilation. Additionally, supportive therapies such as temperature regulation, nutritional support, and antibiotics may be necessary for the premature infant.