Final Answer:
The principle that states that the two alleles of a gene separate and end up in different gametes during meiosis is: c) Law of Segregation
Step-by-step explanation:
The Law of Segregation, proposed by Gregor Mendel, states that during the formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells) in meiosis, the two alleles (gene variants) for a trait segregate (separate) from each other. As a result, each gamete carries only one allele for a particular trait. This separation ensures that each offspring inherits one allele from each parent, contributing to genetic diversity in the population.
The Law of Segregation describes the behavior of alleles (different forms of a gene) during the formation of sex cells (gametes) in the process of meiosis. According to this law:
Each individual has two alleles for each gene, one inherited from each parent.During the formation of gametes, the alleles segregate or separate from each other.
Each gamete ends up with only one of the alleles for a given gene.When fertilization occurs, the offspring receives one allele from each parent, restoring the diploid number of alleles.