Final answer:
The Dead Onion item in The Binding of Isaac causes large, brown, penetrative tears without increasing damage, while imposing negative effects on range, shot speed, and tear height.
Step-by-step explanation:
The item in The Binding of Isaac that causes tears to become large, brown, penetrative, but doesn't increase the damage stat, while imposing negative effects of -0.25 Range Down, -0.4 Shot Speed Down, and -0.5 Tear Height is the Dead Onion. The Dead Onion item gives Isaac piercing and spectral tears, which means the tears can pass through enemies and obstacles. However, it also reduces Isaac's range, shot speed, and tear height. The Dead Onion is represented by a brown onion icon.