Final answer:
London dispersion forces are intermolecular forces that result from temporary dipoles caused by electron motion. They are a type of van der Waals force and are present in all substances, though they are the weakest intermolecular force.
Step-by-step explanation:
Dispersion Forces, also known as Instantaneous Dipoles or London dispersion forces, relate to London dispersion forces (Option c). These are a type of van der Waals forces present in all condensed phases, occurring between atoms and nonpolar molecules due to the motion of electrons. This temporary, instantaneous dipole arises when the electrons in an atom or molecule are distributed asymmetrically at any given instant, which can induce a dipole in a neighboring atom or molecule. Although they are the weakest of intermolecular forces, London dispersion forces are significant in that they occur in all substances.