Final answer:
The adrenal glands are the endocrine glands located above the kidneys that secrete hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol, which play crucial roles in stress response and maintaining various homeostatic functions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones that help arouse the body in times of stress are known as the adrenal glands (Option C). These glands have two main parts: the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla. The adrenal cortex produces corticosteroids, including cortisol, which in excess leads to Cushing's syndrome, and aldosterone, which helps in electrolyte balance. The adrenal medulla secretes catecholamines, such as adrenaline and noradrenaline, which are vital for the fight-or-flight response. These glands play a critical role in stress response, blood pressure regulation, water homeostasis, and maintaining electrolyte levels.