Final answer:
Charles Darwin catalogued universal emotional expressions in his work 'Expressions of the Emotions in Man and Animals' and theorized that they provided a survival advantage.
Step-by-step explanation:
In Expressions of the Emotions in Man and Animals, the scientist who catalogued universal emotional expressions across species and cultures, and posited that emotions and their expressions gave a biological advantage for survival, was Charles Darwin. Darwin's theory of emotional expression suggests that the ability to recognize and produce facial expressions of emotion is universal. This idea aligns with Paul Ekman's later findings, which further substantiated Darwin’s notion that there are universal emotions with distinct facial expressions, a concept that has been instrumental in understanding human psychology and behavior.