Final answer:
The genre described with traits like retrospective POV, character growth, and flashbacks, commonly centered on a young male protagonist, is Bildungsroman.
Step-by-step explanation:
The literary term or genre is described by the following characteristics: retrospective point of view, emphasis on dialogue and internal monologue over action, growth of a character typically over a short period of time, inclusion of flashbacks, often featuring a male protagonist, and frequently involving a teenager is known as Bildungsroman. This genre is a coming-of-age story that often follows a young person's journey into adulthood, featuring fundamental change and maturation. The well-known Harry Potter series is an example of Bildungsroman, chronicling Harry Potter's growth throughout his challenging teenage years.