Final answer:
The phenomena that demonstrate the binocular summation of interocular differences is Stereopsis (D). Stereopsis is the depth perception derived from the slight differences in images seen by each eye, also known as binocular disparity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The phenomena showing binocular summation of interocular differences relate to how our brain processes visual information from both eyes to create a three-dimensional perception of the world. The correct answer to the phenomenon that shows this binocular summation is D) Stereopsis. Stereopsis refers to the ability to perceive depth based on the slight differences in the images seen by each eye (binocular disparity). When objects are at different distances, they fall on different spots in the two retinae, allowing the brain to extract depth perception from the two-dimensional visual field.
Conditions like diplopia (double vision) and aniseikonia (where there is a significant difference in the perceived size of images in each eye) do not involve the summation of differences to enhance depth perception. Binocular rivalry, on the other hand, occurs when each eye views incompatible images and the brain alternates between these images rather than combining them.