Final answer:
Grammar is the aspect of the English discipline that deals with the rules of language specifying how words are structured to convey meaning, while literature involves the analysis and appreciation of written works.
Step-by-step explanation:
The art and science dealing with the rules of language is often encapsulated in the study of grammar, as it encompasses the set of rules used to convey meaning through the utilization of a language's lexicon. While literature also plays a critical role in language studies, it is more concerned with the interpretation, analysis, and appreciation of written works.
Grammar, as part of the English language discipline, is intrinsic to the way we construct sentences and communicate. For example, in English grammar, most verbs receive an "-ed" at the end to indicate the past tense, illustrating how particular rules are essential for conveying time aspects in written and spoken English.
In contrast, the study of literature involves exploring works of fiction, drama, poetry, and prose, examining the historical periods they belong to, and understanding their significance within cultural and aesthetic contexts. Literature classes may involve writing essays or performing analyses that adhere to specific guidelines like those from the Modern Language Association.