Final answer:
Demand paging is a memory management technique that loads pages only as needed, offering efficiency and the ability to run programs with less RAM but can suffer performance hits due to page faults. Segmentation divides programs into variable-length segments, allowing more control and easier program sharing but can be complex and cause external fragmentation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Pros and Cons of Demand Paging and Segmentation
Demand paging and segmentation are memory management schemes used in operating systems. Demand paging is a method where an entire program is not loaded into RAM; instead, pages are loaded as needed. This results in efficient use of memory, lower I/O overhead for reading unused pages, and allows for program execution with less physical memory. However, it can lead to a performance cost due to page faults, requiring additional hardware support like a page table.
On the other hand, segmentation divides a program into segments which can vary in length and are a logical division of the program. It facilitates fine-grained access control and can make program linking and sharing more straightforward. The cons of segmentation include complexity in handling segmented memory, potential for external fragmentation, and increased overhead for maintaining segment tables.