Final answer:
The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) is responsible for developing and approving biologics such as vaccines and antitoxins through its Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, backed by federal acts and regulations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The government agency responsible for developing and approving biologics such as vaccines and antitoxins is the FDA (Food and Drug Administration). This federal agency, part of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, is charged with protecting public health by ensuring the safety, efficacy, and security of human and veterinary drugs, biological products, medical devices, the nation's food supply, cosmetics, and products that emit radiation.
The FDA's Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research specifically oversees biological products, including vaccines and blood products. The original authority for government regulation of biological products was conferred by acts such as the 1902 Biologics Control Act and the 1944 Public Health Service Act, which, along with the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, forms the legal foundation for the FDA's regulatory functions.