Final answer:
Charcoal, manganese dioxide, and red ochre were among the materials used as pigments in cave drawings, with organic substances like animal fat and saliva serving as binders.
Step-by-step explanation:
The materials that served as pigments for cave drawings included a variety of natural elements. Notably, charcoal and a black mineral called manganese dioxide were used to create black pigments, while red ochre and clay provided red tones. Contrary to options like turquoise and gold or ink and graphite, which were not typically used in prehistoric cave art, these materials were readily available in the natural environment.
To bind these pigments to create paint, cave dwellers had several natural binders at their disposal. These included animal fat, blood, bone marrow, and saliva. They mixed these binders with the ground-up pigments to form a paste, sometimes creating sticks of paint for easier application. Thus, the most common binder materials were organic substances that acted as adhesives for the powdered minerals.