Final answer:
The third pharyngeal arch contributes to parts of the hyoid bone and the formation of the stylopharyngeus muscle, which aids in swallowing and speech, and is associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve.
Step-by-step explanation:
The structures derived from the third pharyngeal arch in human embryonic development are critical to the formation of certain anatomical features. The third pharyngeal arch gives rise to parts of the hyoid bone and the stylopharyngeus muscle, which is involved in elevating the pharynx during swallowing and speech. Additionally, the third arch is associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX), which innervates the stylopharyngeus muscle and is involved in taste sensation on the posterior third of the tongue as well as sending sensory and parasympathetic information to the pharynx and other areas.