Final answer:
Interpreting research results includes analyzing research results, drawing conclusions, and presenting findings. Formulating a research proposal, not listed among these steps, is preliminary to interpretation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The actions involved in interpreting research results primarily include analyzing research results, drawing conclusions from research, and presenting research findings. After collecting and studying data, a researcher must analyze the findings, whether through qualitative or quantitative methods. Once the analysis is complete, conclusions must be drawn to understand the implications of the data collected. These interpretations often aim to explain how variables may be related and to make sense of the observations. Lastly, effectively communicating results through presentations or written reports is integral to the research process, allowing the wider academic community to test hypotheses and build upon the work. Option 4, formulating a research proposal, is a preliminary step and not involved in the interpretation of results.