Final answer:
Among the chemical elements, the one with the shortest name is tin, with the symbol Sn derived from the Latin name stannum.
Step-by-step explanation:
The chemical element with the shortest name is tin. Out of the options given, Gold (Au) could seem to be the answer, but it actually has four letters compared to tin which has only three. Therefore, considering the provided list, the element with the shortest name is tin, with the symbol Sn, which is derived from its Latin name stannum. However, if we look at all known elements, tin would not be the correct answer as there is an element named neon which only has four letters too but isn't the shortest. Other elements mentioned such as uranium, bromine, strontium, americium, rhodium, sulfur, and carbon, all have longer names than tin.