Final answer:
The founder effect is a type of evolutionary force that occurs when a small group of individuals separates from a larger population, resulting in a new population with different allele frequencies. Examples of the founder effect include the Amish population and the Afrikaner population in South Africa.
Step-by-step explanation:
The founder effect is a type of evolutionary force that occurs when a small group of individuals separates from a larger population. This small group becomes the founding population of a new population, and as a result, the allele frequencies in the new population may be different from those in the original population. Examples of the founder effect include the Amish population, where a high concentration of a genetic disorder called Ellis-van Creveld syndrome is found due to the small founding population carrying the mutation, and the Afrikaner population in South Africa, which has a higher incidence of Huntington's disease and Fanconi anemia due to a small sample of the original population carrying these mutations.