Final answer:
Protein synthesis begins on the ribosome through a process involving transcription and translation, followed by modification in the endoplasmic reticulum, tagging in the Golgi apparatus, and distribution via vesicles as part of the endomembrane system.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a protein is synthesized, it goes through the endomembrane system, which includes a series of steps involving different cellular components. Firstly, the protein synthesis starts with transcription in the nucleus where DNA is used to make RNA. The RNA then exits the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm, where the ribosomes are responsible for translation in a process that includes initiation, elongation, and termination.
After synthesis on the ribosome, the protein is then directed into the endoplasmic reticulum for modification. Following this, the modified protein is tagged in the Golgi apparatus for its destination and then packaged into vesicles for distribution to its final destination within or outside the cell.