Final answer:
In basketball, when each defensive player is assigned specifically to guard an offensive player, it's known as man-to-man defense, which focuses on restricting the individual's play.
Step-by-step explanation:
When each defensive player is assigned to a specific offensive player, the defense is playing man-to-man defense.
This defensive strategy involves each defender sticking close to their assigned player, attempting to restrict their movement and ability to receive passes, cut toward the basket, or take uncontested shots.
The key to an effective man-to-man defense is for each defender to understand their role and work in unison with the team to prevent scoring opportunities.
This is distinct from a zone defense, where defenders are responsible for an area of the court rather than an individual player.