Final Answer:
An increase in extrasynaptic NMDA receptors can lead to excessive calcium influx, promoting neuronal cell death or apoptosis, contributing to neurodegenerative processes. Maintaining a balance between synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDA receptor activation is crucial for proper neuronal function and preventing excitotoxicity.
Step-by-step explanation:
An increase in extrasynaptic NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors tends to favor neuronal cell death or apoptosis. Extrasynaptic NMDA receptors are activated by the neurotransmitter glutamate, and their prolonged activation, particularly in the absence of adequate synaptic activity, can lead to an influx of calcium ions into the neuron.
Excessive calcium influx through extrasynaptic NMDA receptors can trigger a cascade of events that may contribute to neuronal damage and cell death. This process is implicated in various neurodegenerative disorders and pathological conditions. The balance between synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDA receptor activation is crucial for maintaining proper neuronal function and preventing excitotoxicity, a process where excessive activation of receptors leads to cell damage or death.