Final answer:
The Mesopotamian civilization flourished between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, playing a crucial role in the region's development by providing fertile soil and water for irrigation. The correct answer is option A.
Step-by-step explanation:
Mesopotamia, known as the "land between two rivers," was the site where one of the world's earliest civilizations flourished. The rivers in question where the Mesopotamian civilization thrived are the Euphrates and Tigris rivers. These waterways played a vital role in the development of agriculture and the rise of early cities by providing fertile soil and water for irrigation, which were crucial for the agriculture-dependent societies of the time.
The rivers originate in the Taurus Mountains of eastern Turkey and flow south to the Persian Gulf. The inhabitants of this region, including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians, developed some of the first urban centers, created sophisticated systems for flood control and irrigation, and introduced advancements such as the wheel and written language, Cuneiform. As such, Mesopotamia is often referred to as the Cradle of Civilization.