Final answer:
HPV is commonly tested for in meta-analysis studies through liquid-based cytology (LBC) for Pap smear and HPV genotyping, and molecular tests to detect HPV DNA or RNA. HPV vaccines like Gardasil and Cervarix are also crucial in preventing HPV infection.
Step-by-step explanation:
Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing methods commonly used in meta-analysis studies are:
- Liquid-based cytology (LBC) where samples taken from a single collection are used for both Pap smear cytology and HPV testing and genotyping. Abnormal cells with specific features, known as koilocytes, may be diagnostic of an HPV infection upon Pap smear examination.
- Molecular tests, as HPV cannot be cultured. These tests detect HPV DNA or RNA and are critical for identifying cases since HPV is often asymptomatic. They are recommended for women aged 30 and older, along with a Pap test.
Moreover, related to the prevention of HPV, there are available HPV vaccines such as Gardasil and Cervarix. These vaccines are effective in reducing the prevalence of HPV and are essential for both men and women even though high production costs are a barrier to widespread vaccination access.