Final answer:
The arteries serving the upper limbs start with the subclavian artery, becoming the axillary artery, then the brachial artery, and eventually splitting into the radial and ulnar arteries. These together supply blood to the arms, forearm, wrists, and hands. All statements regarding the carotid arteries, brachial artery, and palmar arch formation are correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The arterial supply to the upper limb begins with the subclavian artery, which as it passes the thorax into the axillary region is referred to as the axillary artery. This artery supplies blood to the area around the head of the humerus via the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel enters the upper arm, it becomes known as the brachial artery, which then divides into several branches at the elbow, such as the deep brachial arteries and the ulnar collateral arteries, providing blood to the arm and the region around the elbow respectively.
The brachial artery bifurcates near the elbow into the radial and ulnar arteries. These arteries run parallel to their respective bones in the forearm and give off smaller branches. They eventually join to form the superficial and deep palmar arches at the wrist, supplying blood to the hand and the digital arteries that supply the fingers.
All these arteries collectively form a network that ensures efficient blood distribution from the heart to every part of the upper limbs. Notably, statement (a) the left and right common carotid arteries both branch off of the brachiocephalic trunk is true, statement (b) the brachial artery is the distal branch of the axillary artery is true, and statement (c) the radial and ulnar arteries join to form the palmar arch is true, confirming all provided statements are correct.