Final answer:
The statement is false. Andrew Carnegie, not John D. Rockefeller, was known for establishing the distinction between charity and philanthropy, as expressed in his 'The Gospel of Wealth' essay, advocating for the responsible enrichment of society by the wealthy.
Step-by-step explanation:
True or false, the person credited with helping to establish the distinction between the concepts of charity and philanthropy was John D. Rockefeller is false. While John D. Rockefeller was a significant figure in the history of American business and philanthropy, it was Andrew Carnegie who was especially vocal about the rich having a duty to contribute positively to society. Carnegie articulated his views in 'The Gospel of Wealth,' where he emphasized the importance of the wealthy to enrich society responsibly, distinguishing his views from the straightforward charity that provides assistance without addressing the systemic issues.
Rockefeller indeed contributed to philanthropy, notably with the establishment of the University of Chicago, but his business practices and the resulting economic power he accumulated were often criticized. In contrast, Carnegie, from his experience of poverty and belief in social betterment, became a champion of philanthropic efforts during the same industrial age, seeking to set a philanthropic example for his contemporaries. This focus on enriching society included significant contributions to public libraries, scientific research, and leaving behind a considerable portion of his fortune for such causes after his death.