Final answer:
The short-term stress response involves the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, while the long-term stress response involves the release of cortisol and aldosterone.
Step-by-step explanation:
Short-term stress response: The short-term stress response is characterized by the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, which result in increased heart rate, heightened alertness, and the activation of the fight-or-flight response. Some examples of short-term stressors include a pop quiz, a deadline for a school project, or a challenging sports competition.
Long-term stress response: The long-term stress response involves the release of cortisol and aldosterone, which affect cellular metabolism and target the breakdown of fat into fatty acids. This response is triggered by chronic stressors that persist over an extended period of time, such as long-term unemployment or caring for a sick family member.