Final Answer:
A replicated chromosome is the result of DNA replication, where each chromosome is duplicated to form two identical sister chromatids. The two chromatids are joined at the centromere.
Step-by-step explanation:
A replicated chromosome is formed during the S phase of the cell cycle when the DNA is duplicated to ensure that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the genetic material. This replication results in the formation of two identical sister chromatids, which are held together at a specific point called the centromere. The chromatids have identical genetic information and are crucial during cell division.
The naming convention for the arms of a chromosome—p and q—refers to their relative lengths. The shorter arm is termed the "p arm," while the longer arm is known as the "q arm." The centromere, where the sister chromatids are closely attached, plays a pivotal role during cell division. It serves as an attachment point for spindle fibers, ensuring proper separation of chromatids during mitosis or meiosis.
Understanding the structure of a replicated chromosome is fundamental in comprehending various cellular processes. During mitosis, replicated chromosomes align and separate, ensuring each new cell receives a complete set of genetic information. Similarly, in meiosis, replicated chromosomes undergo two rounds of division, leading to the formation of gametes with a halved chromosome number. The precise separation of sister chromatids during these processes is crucial for genetic stability and inheritance in organisms.