Final answer:
To distinguish between two compounds using 1H NMR spectroscopy, you can compare the chemical shifts, analyze the splitting patterns, measure the integration values, and observe any additional peaks or signals in the NMR spectra.
Step-by-step explanation:
1) By comparing the chemical shifts of the protons in each compound: The position of the peaks on the 1H NMR spectrum, represented by chemical shifts, can provide information about the chemical environment of the protons. Different functional groups and molecular structures have characteristic chemical shifts. By comparing the chemical shifts in the NMR spectra of the two compounds, you can identify differences that may indicate structural differences.
2) By analyzing the splitting patterns of the protons in each compound: Splitting patterns in the NMR spectra are caused by neighboring protons. The number and arrangement of neighboring protons, also known as coupling, can provide information about the connectivity and symmetry of the molecule. By analyzing the splitting patterns, you can determine the number of different types of protons and the number of neighboring protons for each compound.
3) By measuring the integration values of the protons in each compound: Integration values in the NMR spectra represent the relative number of protons in a specific environment. By comparing the integration values, you can identify differences in the relative abundance of protons in different environments.
4) By observing any additional peaks or signals in the NMR spectrum of one compound compared to the other: Additional peaks or signals in the NMR spectrum can indicate the presence of impurities, different conformations, or other structural factors. By comparing the NMR spectra, you can identify any additional peaks or signals that are unique to one compound.