Final answer:
X-ray exposure can lead to cell damage and an increased risk of cancer, especially with prolonged or unnecessary exposure during medical imaging. Radiation safety regulations and proper shielding practices are now in place to minimize this risk. Historically, unwarranted radiation exposure from unshielded equipment, like shoe fitting X-ray machines, led to the awareness and need for safety measures.
Step-by-step explanation:
X-ray exposure is considered a safety hazard because it involves radiation that is more energetic than visible light. X-rays are widely used in medicine for imaging, such as in mammograms and CT scans. However, prolonged or unnecessary exposure can lead to cell damage and an increased risk of cancer. For example, unnecessary mammograms at a young age may increase the risk of breast cancer.
The energy of X-rays allows them to penetrate body tissue, which is why they are valuable in medical imaging. Despite their utility, there is a careful balance between the benefits of the diagnostic information obtained and the risk of cell damage. Accidents with CT scans due to poor monitoring of radiation dose have raised concerns about overexposure. Additionally, the historical example of unshielded X-ray fluorescence machines used in shoe stores, which led to unwarranted radiation exposure, underscores the importance of radiation safety regulations.
Nowadays, protection against X-ray exposure is a priority in medical and other applications. Proper shielding, such as lead or concrete, and strict regulations ensure minimized exposure to X-rays and other forms of radioactive material.