Final answer:
When society develops a new fertilizer that increases agricultural production, the production possibilities frontier (PPF) will shift outward.
Step-by-step explanation:
A production possibilities frontier (PPF) defines the set of choices society faces for the combinations of goods and services it can produce given the resources and technology available. When a society develops a new fertilizer that significantly increases agricultural production, it leads to an increase in the available resources and a technological improvement. As a result, the PPF will shift outward, indicating that society can now produce more agricultural products and possibly other goods as well.