Final answer:
The approach where a programmer designs an application to run on a cluster and uses message passing to distribute data between nodes is the parallelized application approach. It is essential in high performance computing for conducting large computations by leveraging multiple processors.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the parallelized application approach, the programmer writes the application from the outset to run on a cluster and uses message passing to move data, as required, between cluster nodes. This approach is critical for distributed computing environments where tasks are spread across different computers for concurrent execution. By designing a program to work in such an environment from the very beginning, developers optimize the application for parallel processing and high performance computing.
Parallelized applications are common in scientific research, simulations, and any scenario where large computations must be divided amongst multiple processors. The use of message-passing libraries like MPI (Message Passing Interface) allows for efficient data transfer between nodes in a cluster, thus enabling scaling of application performance with the addition of more computing resources.