Final answer:
A substitute apology occurs when someone far removed from the wrongdoing accepts responsibility for the harm and apologizes on behalf of people no longer present.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question is D) substitute apology. When someone far removed from the wrongdoing accepts responsibility for the harm and apologizes on behalf of people no longer present, it is referred to as a substitute apology. This type of apology occurs when the person or group offering the apology represents or acts on behalf of the actual wrongdoers.