Final answer:
Oswald Spengler's theory of social change involves a cyclical view of civilizations going through growth, decline and death, while Pitirim Sorokin's theory focuses on alternating periods of different cultural types.
Step-by-step explanation:
Oswald Spengler's and Pitirim Sorokin's theories of social change can be described as follows:
1. Oswald Spengler: Spengler proposed a cyclical theory of social change in his book 'The Decline of the West.' According to Spengler, civilizations go through a life cycle of growth, maturity, decline, and death. He argued that each civilization has a unique culture and destiny, and its rise and fall are inevitable.
2. Pitirim Sorokin: Sorokin developed the theory of social change based on the concept of cultural dynamics. He believed that societies go through alternating periods of ideational and sensate culture. Ideational culture is characterized by a focus on spiritual and transcendental values, while sensate culture emphasizes materialistic and empirical values. According to Sorokin, social change occurs when a society transitions from one cultural type to another.