Final answer:
During anaerobic glycolysis, ATP is produced, lactate can be formed from pyruvate, and oxygen is not consumed. The mitochondria are not required, as glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm.
Step-by-step explanation:
During anaerobic glycolysis, which occurs when oxygen is not available, several key processes take place. First, a small amount of ATP is produced in the form of a net gain of two ATP molecules per glucose molecule. In addition, pyruvate is produced at the end of the glycolysis pathway. When oxygen is limited or absent, pyruvate can be converted into lactate or lactic acid. This conversion allows for the recycling of NADH into NAD+, which is necessary for glycolysis to continue. A critical point is that during anaerobic glycolysis, the mitochondria are not required since the process occurs in the cytoplasm, and therefore, mitochondria are not involved in this anaerobic energy production.