Question

List the three important facts about the constant "G" which we listed in class (that is, "big G", the universal gravitational constant, not "little g" which is gravitational acceleration near the surface of the earth)

Answer 1

The universal gravitational constant, denoted as "G", is a fundamental physical constant that is the same throughout the universe, with a precise value of 6.674 × 10⁻¹¹ N·m²/kg² and was first accurately measured by Henry Cavendish in 1798.

Step-by-step explanation:

The constant "G" referred to in your question pertains to the universal gravitational constant, which is a crucial factor in calculating gravitational forces between two masses. Here are three important facts about the constant "G":

1. Universality: "G" is considered to be a universal constant, which means that it is thought to have the same value throughout the entire universe. Its universality is a key principle in physics, supporting the idea that the laws of physics are consistent no matter where an observer is located in the universe.
2. Value: The value of the constant "G" has been determined to be approximately 6.674 × 10⁻¹¹ N·m²/kg². This incredibly small number indicates that the force of gravity is quite weak on a small scale.
3. Historical Measurement: English scientist Henry Cavendish first accurately measured "G" in 1798 using a sensitive experiment to detect the minor gravitational forces between two masses. Remarkably, his measured value for "G" is within 1% of the value used today, demonstrating the precision of his experiment.