Final answer:
The correct answer regarding an example of a positive symptom of schizophrenia is D: Hallucinations. Hallucinations, being an added abnormal experience, differ from negative symptoms like alogia, apathy, and flat affect, which indicate a loss of normal functions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder characterized by a variety of symptoms. Of these symptoms, some are termed as positive symptoms, while others are negative symptoms. Positive symptoms include those that add to the person’s behavior, such as hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorders. These reflect an excess or distortion of normal functions. Negative symptoms, on the other hand, represent a loss of normal functions and include alogia, apathy, and flat affect.
Hallucinations are a notable example of a positive symptom because they represent an added experience in the patient’s reality, such as hearing voices or seeing things that are not present. Therefore, the correct final answer to which of the listed options are an example of a positive symptom in schizophrenia is D: Hallucinations. This distinction between positive and negative symptoms is critical for understanding and treating schizophrenia. Treatments like neuroleptic drugs often target dopamine neurotransmission to reduce the severity of positive symptoms, including hallucinations, and to some extent, alleviate negative symptoms.