Final answer:
The etiology of depression is multifaceted, encompassing biological, psychological, and social factors. These include genetic predispositions, cognitive patterns, and social influences.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question is D: Biological, psychological, and social.
Depression is a complex mental disorder that has been studied extensively. Its causation is multifactorial, meaning that it stems from various sources, making it a condition of multifaceted etiology. Biological factors for depression can include genetic predispositions and alterations in neurotransmitter levels, like serotonin and norepinephrine, which are closely linked to mood regulation. Psychological aspects involve cognitive patterns such as negative thinking and dysfunctional attitudes, as theorized by Beck in his cognitive model of depression. The social dimension encompasses factors such as the quality of interpersonal relationships and societal pressures, which significantly contribute to the onset and perpetuation of depressive symptoms.