Final answer:
Preindustrial societies, defined by limited technology and environmental reliance, include types such as hunter-gatherer, pastoral, horticultural, and feudal. An industrial society like industrialized Japan, characterized by mechanized production, does not fall under the category of preindustrial societies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject of preindustrial societies falls under the broader category of Social Studies, particularly within the field of sociology and history. Amongst the types of societies early humans formed, preindustrial societies are characterized by limited technology and reliance on the environment. Gerhard Lenski Jr. defined societies in terms of their technological sophistication, which denotes the level of societal development largely determined by the use and development of technology.
Preindustrial societies can be classified into various types, such as hunter-gatherer, pastoral, horticultural, and feudal. Each of these types demonstrates a specific relationship with the environment and social structure. The hunter-gatherer society, for example, is the oldest form of society, relying on hunting wild animals and foraging for plants as their principal means of sustenance. They led a nomadic lifestyle, moving to new areas when resources became scarce.
Pastoral societies domesticated animals and depended on herding as their primary economic activity, while horticultural societies began to cultivate plants, leading to permanent settlements. Feudal societies emerged later and were characterized by a hierarchical system of loyalty and protection based on land ownership and labor services.
In contrast, industrial societies use mechanized means of production and are defined by their ability to produce goods in large quantities, fundamentally separating them from preindustrial societies. Technological advances in industrial societies allow them to have greater control over their environment and economic production. Consequently, among options presented in a quiz or test, an example of an industrial society, such as industrialized Japan, would not be classified as preindustrial.
Therefore, when tasked with identifying which of the listed examples are not preindustrial societies, it's important to consider which societies demonstrate advanced technological development and mechanized production that differentiate them from societies reliant on manual labor and local resources.