Final answer:
Clement Vallandingham was the Copperhead exiled to the South by Lincoln. He was a leader among the Peace Democrats, who opposed the Civil War and the emancipation of slaves. Their strong anti-war and anti-Lincoln sentiments represented a significant political faction in the North during the Civil War.
Step-by-step explanation:
The notorious Copperhead exiled to the South by President Abraham Lincoln was Clement Vallandingham, an Ohio Representative. He was a leader among the Copperheads, who were part of the Peace Democrats. These individuals were a faction within the Democratic Party, largely from the southern Midwest and immigrant Catholics from northern cities, who adamantly opposed the Civil War and the policy of emancipation that the Lincoln administration pursued. Vallandingham was noted for his harsh criticism of both Lincoln and the emancipation of slaves, aligning himself with the belief common among northern Democrats that the United States should remain "the white man's home." His exile to the Confederacy became symbolic of the deep divisions and political strife during the Civil War era.
The Copperheads, as identified in the given options, were Peace Democrats, which is represented by choice 'b' in the provided selections. Their stance against the war, tied to a broader peace movement in the North, particularly caught attention as the 1864 election approached. In this context, while they did not support the Confederacy's secession, their urgent calls for peace and strong opposition to Lincoln's administration created considerable tension in the Union's political landscape.