Final answer:
Learning in which stimuli associated with a conditioned stimulus also elicit conditioned responding is called higher order conditioning.
Step-by-step explanation:
Learning in which stimuli associated with a conditioned stimulus also elicit conditioned responding is called higher order conditioning. This form of learning involves the introduction of a new neutral stimulus alongside an established conditioned stimulus. Over time, the neutral stimulus becomes associated with the conditioned response even when the initial conditioned stimulus is not presented. For example, in Watson and Rayner's experiments with Little Albert, he was conditioned to fear a white rat, which is an example of stimulus generalization because he began to fear other furry white objects that resembled the conditioned stimulus. However, in higher-order conditioning, a second-order stimulus will elicit the conditioned response without the need for the initial conditioned stimulus.
Other aspects of classical conditioning include acquisition and extinction, which refer to the strengthening and weakening, respectively, of a learned association. Additionally, when an organism learns to respond differently to similar stimuli, this is referred to as stimulus discrimination.