Final answer:
Density-independent factors have the same effect at all population densities, while density-dependent factors have different effects. Examples include natural disasters such as forest fires (density-independent) and predation or competition for resources (density-dependent). Understanding both is important for managing populations and preventing issues like extinction or overpopulation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Density-independent factors have the same effect at all population densities whereas density-dependent factors have different effects. A good example of a density-independent factor is a natural disaster, such as a forest fire, which affects the mortality of individuals in a population regardless of population density. In contrast, density-dependent factors, such as predation or competition for resources, have a greater impact on population mortality when the population density is higher.
For example, during intra- and interspecific competition, the reproductive rates of individuals will usually be lower, reducing the population's rate of growth. Similarly, low prey density can increase mortality in predator populations as they struggle to find enough food. These factors play a crucial role in regulating population growth and are important for wildlife biologists to understand in order to manage populations and prevent issues like extinction or overpopulation.