Final answer:
Translational control is the mechanism that influences the selection of mRNAs by ribosomes for protein synthesis. It includes global regulation impacting all protein synthesis, and specific regulation affecting individual mRNAs.
Step-by-step explanation:
The form of control that directly influences which mRNAs are selected by ribosomes for the synthesis of proteins is E. translational control. This regulatory mechanism applies to the step where the mRNA binds to the ribosome and determines the speed and level of protein synthesis.
Specific translational control can involve mechanisms such as signal sequences that temporarily halt translation for proteins destined for the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) until they are properly located. Global translational control, on the other hand, may involve changes in eukaryotic initiation factors that affect the entire cellular protein synthesis.