Final answer:
In linkage equilibrium, the allelic and genotype frequencies of genes are independent. Three consequences of linkage equilibrium are described: (1) the product of allelic frequencies equals genotype frequencies, (2) genotype frequencies equal the product of allelic frequencies, and (3) genotype frequencies equal the product of allelic frequencies multiplied by a factor called D. D is calculated using allelic frequencies.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the context of genetics, linkage equilibrium refers to the condition where the allelic frequency and genotype frequencies of two or more genes are independent of each other. This means that the genes are not linked on the same chromosome or that recombination events occur frequently enough to break the linkage. If a population is in linkage equilibrium, three mathematical consequences will be true:
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The value of D measures the deviation from linkage equilibrium and is calculated as:
D = p11p22 - p12p21
where p11, p22, p12, and p21 are the allelic frequencies for the two genes in question.