Final answer:
The correct answer to the question is 'c. pyruvate; NAD; FADH2' as β-oxidation produces acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH, but not pyruvate.
Step-by-step explanation:
The products directly produced by β-oxidation include acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH, but not pyruvate. The process of β-oxidation involves the catabolism of fatty acids where two-carbon acetyl groups are sequentially removed from the ends of fatty acid chains.
The acetyl groups are then carried by Coenzyme A to the Krebs cycle as acetyl-CoA. In contrast, pyruvate is a product of glycolysis, not β-oxidation. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is 'c. pyruvate; NAD; FADH2' as it lists pyruvate, which is not directly produced by β-oxidation.