Final answer:
A subculture is a group that shares a specific identity within a larger culture, while a counterculture actively defies the larger society by rejecting its norms and values.
Step-by-step explanation:
A subculture is a smaller cultural group within a larger culture. People of a subculture are part of the larger culture, but also share a specific identity within a smaller group. They may have their own beliefs, behaviors, and customs that bind them together. On the other hand, a counterculture is a type of subculture that actively defies the larger society by rejecting some of its norms and values. Countercultures develop their own set of rules and norms, sometimes even creating communities that operate outside of greater society.