Final answer:
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a cytogenetic mapping technique that can be used to determine the human chromosome containing a gene of interest, by binding fluorescent probes to specific DNA sequences. Other physical-mapping methods include cytogenetic mapping.option b is correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
Physical-Mapping Techniques in Human Genomics
Among the physical-mapping techniques available for determining the human chromosome that contains a gene of interest, Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a cytogenetic method that involves using fluorescent probes that bind to only those parts of the chromosome with a high degree of sequence complementarity. This method allows scientists to visualize and map the genetic material in an individual's cells, including the identification of specific chromosomes or parts of chromosomes. FISH can be used to locate the presence of specific DNA sequences on chromosomes and is an effective way to create a physical map of the genome.
Another approach is cytogenetic mapping, which involves analyzing stained sections of chromosomes under a microscope. This method provides the approximate distance between genetic markers on chromosomes but not their exact base pair distances. On the other hand, radiation hybrid mapping uses radiation to break the DNA into fragments and is not affected by recombination frequency. Finally, sequence mapping involves the utilization of DNA sequencing technology to create detailed maps, with distances measured in terms of the number of base pairs.
While DNA sequencing can help determine the specific sequence of DNA and identify genes, it is not specifically designed to map genes to particular chromosomes.